W.B.C.S. Main 2018 Question Answer – Commerce And Accountancy – Different Types Of Audit Reports.

WBCS ২০১৮ প্রশ্নের উত্তর – বাণিজ্য ও হিসাবরক্ষণ – নিরীক্ষণের রিপোর্টের বিভিন্ন প্রকার।

An audit report is an appraisal of a small business’s complete financial status. Completed by an independent accounting professional, this document covers a company’s assets and liabilities, and presents the auditor’s educated assessment of the firm’s financial position and future. Audit reports are required by law if a company is publicly traded or in an industry regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies seeking funding, as well as those looking to improve internal controls, also find this information valuable. There are four types of audit reports.Continue Reading W.B.C.S. Main 2018 Question Answer – Commerce And Accountancy – Different Types Of Audit Reports.

Unqualified Opinion

Often called a clean opinion, an unqualified opinion is an audit report that is issued when an auditor determines that each of the financial records provided by the small business is free of any misrepresentations. In addition, an unqualified opinion indicates that the financial records have been maintained in accordance with the standards known as Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). This is the best type of report a business can receive.

Typically, an unqualified report consists of a title that includes the word “independent.” This is done to illustrate that it was prepared by an unbiased third party. The title is followed by the main body. Made up of three paragraphs, the main body highlights the responsibilities of the auditor, the purpose of the audit and the auditor’s findings. The auditor signs and dates the document, including his address.

Qualified Opinion

In situations when a company’s financial records have not been maintained in accordance with GAAP but no misrepresentations are identified, an auditor will issue a qualified opinion. The writing of a qualified opinion is extremely similar to that of an unqualified opinion. A qualified opinion, however, will include an additional paragraph that highlights the reason why the audit report is not unqualified.

Adverse Opinion

The worst type of financial report that can be issued to a business is an adverse opinion. This indicates that the firm’s financial records do not conform to GAAP. In addition, the financial records provided by the business have been grossly misrepresented. Although this may occur by error, it is often an indication of fraud. When this type of report is issued, a company must correct its financial statement and have it re-audited, as investors, lenders and other requesting parties will generally not accept it.

Disclaimer of Opinion

On some occasions, an auditor is unable to complete an accurate audit report. This may occur for a variety of reasons, such as an absence of appropriate financial records. When this happens, the auditor issues a disclaimer of opinion, stating that an opinion of the firm’s financial status could not be determined.

The Types of Audit Reports

Here are the four types of audit reports that are given by external auditors:

1. Unqualified Opinion

An unqualified opinion indicates that the information presented in a company’s financial report is clean. As in a medical patient’s clean bill of health, an unqualified opinion shows that the audited financial statements can be presumed to be free from misstatements.

2. Qualified Opinion

An opinion rendered in a qualified audit report is similar to an unqualified opinion; however, the auditing body cannot express an unqualified opinion for several reasons. One reason could be that the company did not present its financial records in accordance with generally acceptable accounting principles (GAAP).

3. Disclaimer Opinion

Auditors give a disclaimer when they are unable to express a definite opinion. This can be due to the lack of properly maintained financial records or the absence or insufficient support from the management. For instance, an auditor may not have had the opportunity to fulfill tasks that they deem to be crucial to the audit, such as observing operational procedures or reviewing particular procedures.

4. Adverse Opinion

When auditors issue an adverse opinion, it indicates that there has been a gross misstatement and, possibly, fraud, in the preparation of the company’s financial records. An adverse opinion shows that the company’s records have not been prepared in accordance with GAAP. Public entities that receive this kind of opinion are obligated to Financial statements with adverse audit opinions are typically rejected by financial institutions or investors.

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