W.B.C.S. Main 2018 Question Answer – ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING – Integral Cycle Control.

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2.a) What are the differences between integral cycle control and integral control for a heating process?

Ans:

1. a) Differences between integral cycle control and integral control for a heating process:

Integral cycle control:

Integral cycle control (ICC) is used for controlling power to an ac load by permitting few full cycles to power the load followed by off period. This is repeated cyclically. The duty cycle is controlled for changing the output power basically it is an on – off control similar to the obtained through thermostatic switches except that here an integral number of cycle are passed. In literature, ICC is also described as On – Off control, Burst firing, Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS), Cycle Selection and Cycle Syncopation. When the power is ON, during N cycle the speed or temperature increases exponentially from a minimum value and reaches a maximum at the end of the N^th cycle. If N us the number of full cycles passed per M cycles of the source voltage then it is said to have a duty cycle of D= N / M. The difference between maximum of temperature and the minimum temperature is called the differential.Continue Reading W.B.C.S. Main 2018 Question Answer – ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING – Integral Cycle Control.

Integral control for a heating process:

Heat treatment processes exemplify the need for PID control. To ensure consistent product quality the temperature inside an oven or furnace must be kept within narrow limits. Any disturbance, such as when a product is added or withdrawn or a ramp function is applied, must be handled appropriately. Although simple in concept, the mathematics underpinning PID control is complex and achieving optimal performance entails selecting process-specific values for a range of interacting parameters.

The process of finding these values is referred to as “tuning.” When tuned optimally, a PID temperature controller minimizes deviation from the set point, and responds to disturbances or set point changes quickly but with minimal overshoot.

This White Paper from OMEGA Engineering discusses how to tune a PID controller. Even though many controllers provide auto tune capabilities, an understanding of PID tuning will help in achieving optimal performance. Individual sections address:

• PID Controller Tuning Methods
  ○ Manual Tuning
  ○ Tuning Heuristics
  ○ Auto Tune

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